Compared with air cooling, liquid cooling has the advantages of low energy consumption, high heat dissipation, low noise, and low TCO

Liquid cooling uses liquid instead of air to remove heat. Liquid cooling is to use liquid instead of air to take away the heat generated by IT heating devices such as CPU and memory. According to the progress of current technical research, liquid cooling is classified into water cooling and refrigerant cooling. Available refrigerants include water, mineral oil, electronic fluorinated fluid, etc.

Liquid cooling has the advantages of low energy consumption, high heat dissipation, low noise, and low TCO. The cooling capacity of liquid is 1000~3000 times that of air. Liquid cooling technology can achieve the advantages of high density, low noise, low heat transfer temperature difference, and universal natural cooling. Compared with air cooling technology, it has incomparable technical advantages. An excellent cooling solution for scenarios such as deployment density.

(1) Low energy consumption

Short heat transfer path: cryogenic liquid is directly supplied to communication equipment by CDU (cooling distribution unit); high heat exchange efficiency: liquid-liquid heat exchange is realized through a heat exchanger between the primary side and the Combining three forms of air-liquid heat exchange, liquid-liquid heat exchange, and evaporation-vaporization heat exchange between the external environment, it has a better heat exchange effect; high cooling energy efficiency: liquid cooling technology can realize high-temperature liquid supply at 40~55°C without compression The machine-cooled water unit adopts an outdoor cooling tower, which can realize natural cooling throughout the year; in addition to reducing the energy consumption of the refrigeration system itself, the use of liquid cooling heat dissipation technology is conducive to further reducing the chip temperature, which brings higher reliability and better performance. Low energy consumption, the energy consumption of the whole machine is expected to be reduced by about 5%.

(2) High heat dissipation

Commonly used media for liquid cooling systems include deionized water, alcohol-based solutions, fluorocarbon working fluids, mineral oil or silicone oil; the heat carrying capacity, thermal conductivity and enhanced convective heat transfer coefficient of these liquids are much greater than that of air; therefore , for a single chip, liquid cooling has a higher heat dissipation capability than air cooling. At the same time, liquid cooling directly takes away most of the heat source heat of the equipment through the circulating medium; the overall air supply requirements of the single board, the entire cabinet, and the computer room are greatly reduced, allowing the deployment of high power density equipment; at the same time, more ICTs can be arranged in a unit space Equipment, improve data center space utilization and save land area.

(3) Low noise

The liquid cooling heat dissipation technology utilizes the pump to drive the cooling medium to circulate and dissipate heat in the system to solve the heat dissipation problem of all heating devices or key high-power devices; it can reduce the cooling fan speed or adopt a fanless design, which has excellent noise reduction effect. Improve the comfort of the operation and maintenance environment in the computer room and solve the problem of noise pollution.

(4) Low TCO

Liquid cooling technology has an excellent energy-saving effect, and the PUE of the liquid-cooled data center can be reduced to below 1.2, which can save a lot of electricity bills every year and greatly reduce the operating cost of the data center. Compared with traditional air cooling, although the application of liquid cooling heat dissipation technology will increase a certain amount of initial investment, the investment can be recovered by reducing operating costs. Taking a data center with a scale of 10MW as an example, comparing the liquid cooling solution (PUE1.15) and the chilled water solution (PUE1.35), it is estimated that the increased initial investment in infrastructure can be recovered in about 2.2 years.
By comparing traditional air cooling, cold plate liquid cooling and single-phase immersion liquid cooling, immersion liquid cooling has the highest power density, the smallest number of cabinets and floor space, and the lowest cooling energy consumption and cooling electricity cost; while air cooling has the lowest power density, The number of cabinets and floor area are the largest, and the cooling energy consumption and cooling electricity cost are the highest; the cold plate liquid cooling is in the middle.